Type-writing machine or other keyboard printing instrumentality.



I. CAHILL.

Patented Sept. 4, I900.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE OR OTHER KEYBOARD PRINTiNG INSTRUMENTALITY.

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TYPE WRITING MACHINE OR OTHER KEYBOARD PRINTING INSTRUMENTALITY.

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No. 657,479. Patented Sept. 4, I900.

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UNI STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THADDEUS cnrium, on NEW YORK, N. Y., Assrenon'ro JAMES B. LAMBIE, E. HILTON JAcKsoN, GEORGE FREDERICK OAHILL, AND ARTHUR T.

CAHILL, TRUSTEES.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE OR OTHER KEYBOARD PRINTING INSTRUMENTALITY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 657,479, dated September 4, 1900. Application filed December 24, 1898. Serial No. 700.234. (No model.)

or other Keyboard Printing Instrumentali-' IO ties, of which the following is a specification. The object of my invention is to make a simple and durable-type-writer in which the touch shall be as light as possible, in

which the keyboard is readily manipulated by the operator withouthis looking at allf at the keys, so that he is left free to look at his copy uninterruptedly and to write continuously, in which the space at the end of a word shall he'conveniently made by depressing the'space-key simultaneously with the key which makes the last letter of the word, and in which the operator uses a le-. gate or overlapping touch-that is, depresses one key without having first to release the preceding key; and my inventionconsists in the parts, improvements, and combinations hereinafter described and claimed.

In some particulars my. present invention resembles prior inventions of mine described in United States patents and pending applications; butin other essential featuresspecifically pointed out, and set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof, it is novel. I make the touch light by using motor mechanism to impel the type-bars and spacing devices, the keys each acting when 1 plate to support the. top plate.

depressed to connect the proper type-bar with the motor device and to bring said motor device into action for the impelling of said typebar. Unlikethe constructions described.- in

prior United States patents issued to me, I employ a diiferent. key for each difierent typebar; but I arrapge the keyboard in such a manner, shaping the keys to suit the shape 5 of the two hands, that the operator readily manipulates all the keys without ever having to look at any of them. The spacing mechanism and the means by which the operator is enabled to use a legato touch can be best is a similar view on the line 3 3, Fig. 1.

.in elevation, on the line 5 5, Fig. 1.

described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section parallel with the length of the keys and transverse to the 5 platen, illustrating certain essential features of my mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view, Fig. 3 Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate alternative constructions partly in plan, on the line 2 2, Fig. 1.

pr the mechanism illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 4 is a detail rearelevation, partly in section, on the line4. 4., Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is also adetail view, partly in section and partly Fig. 6 is a detail rear elevation illustrating the spacing mechanism. Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view, partly in elevation, illustrating certain essential features of the carriage-shifting mechanism. Fig. 8 is a detail view in plan illustrating the same mechanism, certain por 7o tions of which are broken away. Fig. 9 is a detail sectional View, partly in elevation, on the line 9 9, Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a detail view in perspective illustrating one of the .parts belonging to the carriage-shifting mechanism, and Fig. 11 is a plan view illustrating the keyboard. Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 1,-illustrating certain features of my invention applied to operate the type-releasing devices (or, which is the same thing, the matrixreleasing devices) of a Mergenthalerlinotype machine.

"1 is the bed-plate of the main frame, and 2 the top plate.

3 3 3 3 are four posts rising from the beda 4 are posts or standards rising from the bed-plate to support the milled bar 5.

it v 555,466

30 are thetype-bars, mounted in hang-f ers 31 31, each carryingthree types-to wit,

(in most cases,) a lower-case letter, the-same letter upper-case, and a figure or mark. For convenience the three types are formed upon the same stem.

4O 40 are the type-bar-controlling keys, f ulcrumed upon pins 41, set in the bar'44.

43 43' are space-keys. j V

In Fig. 2 thirty keys are shown in the keyboard besides the shift-keys. twenty-eight keys are shown. 7 greater or less number of keys may be used, as required. In each case twospace-keys 43 43 are used, one on each side'of the keys beard- Th k y l be obse ved, a

disposed in two banks-to wit, a bank of.

long keys, Wide in front, and a bank of.

shorter and narrower keys. They are also disposed,it will be observed, in two groups,

one adapted to be operated by the right hand and the other by theleft hand, and the arrangement is such that the operator operates them very readily without ever l(; ojkingv at them, They are disposed and shaped tolsuit the hand.- Thus,rto'ref er to.- Fig. 11, thetwo keys marked iand m should be operated normally and regularly by the first or fore finger 0f e igh ha h o k y ma ked and .0 by the second finger, the key marked S9396 key and the key marked 12' by thethi id or ring finger, and the two keys ,Inarked f and ,7' bythe little finger. The keys marked 'n, g, and 10 should be operated by the thumbof the ighthand, while the keys marked and q may he op rated lh rby th humhor. by the forefinger'of the right hands-n1 ostreadifly by the forefinger. marked 0 and h'should be Operated by the forefinger of the left hand, the keys marked marked why th thi d or hg finger f the left hand, the keys marked andu by the ttle fihg e t e ha the eysma ked r, l, w, and b by the thumb-of theleftjhand,

a the key m ke a d y the thumb or forefinger of the left hand-most readily y h r nge The k ysi th seq-1 n bank a'reflmadeof [a higherlevel than the keys of the out r bank- W t this arra g ment it will be seen that except for fonr'ihf requentl y-oecurri n g letters (the letters k ,q,fx,, and F z, 1na inga t he-hal o n p c of th let e as they oc ur nle -e pr n ed p ge, s illustrated in the w ngs, though of course thejarrange nent ,Of-thb et-' 'ters can be altered at wil1l)the fingers and the,

han s hav no ate a d sp acement hatese and each'finger operates twoand only two keys always-t tt w t .k y to which the finger corresponds andthe blackkey j stf back of it, The thumb has a lateral move In Fig] 11'- Of cour e a In li m nner thekeii time being lost in locating them, and with no lateral movement of the fingers or the hands. Also, as it will appear hereinafter, he makes 1, the space at the same time with the last letter of theword by'depressing the space-key 43 on the same side with the key that makes the last letter of the word. The arrange ment of the letters shown in the drawings, Fig, 11, will be found to be an excellent one; but it can of course be varied,if desired. In Fig. 2 it will be seen two additional keys are inserted, which may be used, for example,;for the period and comma-orfor any other characters desired. l I

,is a motor-magnet whose core 51 is screwedfast to the milled bar. 7. Attached {to said core is a brass tube 51, with-in which thearrnature 52 plays and upon which the energizing-coil is wound. The armature 52 is connected by a rod 52 with the motorframe 54, which is supported by centers 55 .55, set in thestandards 10.10. i 56 56am levers corresponding to the typebars and each connected with the appropriatetype-barby a rod or wire 57. Said levers are fulcrumed upon the rods 58 58, set in the milled bars 5 and 7. 56is jointeda pendant 59, which is connected by azlink59? with, the arm 60, which is operated by the .eorrespondingkey through a releasingearm 62 ,'bell? cra nk 6'1, and pin 61. IThe arms .60 6.0,and bell-cranks 61 61 are ful- Zfcruinedepon the rod 63, which is set in the rmilled bar 9, and ,when said bell-cranks 0ccupy theirniormal positions, with their horil zo'htal a ms estihsd wn up h r the ,i pendants 59 lie .olearof the motor-frame 54; t'an'd e by the second finger of the left h-and,j the :key m ed pa -ke)"an the @key ifbuj; when any key is depressed by the operator infront-of the fulcrum it rises back of the fulcrum and through the releasing arm or latch 62 acting upon the bell-crank 6 1, ;arm 60, and link 59* pulls :the pendant 59 (attached to the lever 56, which controls the type-bar corresponding to such key)lover the m6tO1=fra Ine 5 4. At the same time the cirpoin ts.71, s et in t he'standards ll 11, and which overlies the bell=cranks 61 61, being lifted brings the contact-spring 72, connected with itsvertical arm 73, in contact with the ad 'justable contact-screw 74, thereby closing the cireuitof'the battery 75 through the magnet 50, which-magnet becoming energized attraets its-armature, thereby giving movement 'pendant 59, controlled by the key depressed, and'thejle'ver 56, with which said pendant is connected, and the rod 57) to the appropriate type-bar 30,throwing it up against the print- ;ing point. 'At the same time the releasingment to select the keyswhich controls;

chit-closing frame 70, centered by means of To each of the. levers to the motor-frame 54, and thus (through the r frame 80, whose arm .81 is connected by the rod 82 with the arm 54 of the motor-frame 54, being moved by such motor-frame strikes the releaser-arm 62, which has been lifted by the key depressed, moving said releaser-arm off from the piece 64, attached to the key, thereby disengaging the key and the parts operated thereby and permitting all-of said parts to return to their normal positions in advance of the release of the key. To enable the bell-crank 61 to return'to its normal position, (thereby to permit the circuit-closing frame to return to its normal position, breaking the circuit. of the magnet 50, so that said magnet loses its magnetism,),the bellcrank 61 instead of being connected fast to the link 59 acts on it through the pin 61 and arm 60. Thus although the magnet 50 through the motor-frame 54 presses strongly upon the pendant 59 the-bell-crank 6lis free to return toits normal position, releasing the frame 70, which, breaking the circuit of the magnet 50, causes its armature 52 and the motor-frame 54 to return to their normal positions, whereupon the lever 56 and type-bar 30 return to their normal positions, and the pendant 59, under the influence of the contractile spring 59', returns to its normal position.

23, as before said, is the space-rack. is the dog-carryinglever,centered at 91. 92 is the fast dog, connected to thedogcarrying lever 90 and to a bridle-lever 93,

centered at 94 and carrying a stop 100, adjustable by means of a lock-nut 101.

95 is the loose dog, which is pivoted at 96 to the lever 97, which latter is pivoted at 98 to the dog-carrying lever 90. A flat spring 99 holds the loose dog 95 injits normal position,with its lower wing abutting against the lever 97. In the normal position of the dogcarrying lever 90 the loose dog95 is in engagement with the rack 23 and is held by the pressure which the usual carriage motor mechanism (not shown in the drawings) exerts upon the carriage and rack 23 (in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 6) with its lower wing engaging the lever 97 and with said 1e ver 97 engaging a screw-stop 100, adjustable in the bridle-lever 93 by means of a lock-nut 101. The motor-frame 54 operates the dogcarrying lever 90 through the push-rod 102, so that when the circuit of the magnet 50 is closed by the depressing of a key the motorframe receiving movement from said magnet gives movement through the rod 102 to the dog-carrying lever 90, pushes the fast dog 92 up into the pitch of the rack, and then bya continuation of the same motion withdraws the loose dog 95 down out of the rack,where-, upon said dog moves (under the influence of the contractile spring 103 upon the lever 97) a tooth-space to the left, as viewed in Fig. 6 from the rear of the machine. When the magnet 50 loses its magnetism and the various, parts return to their normal positions, the dog-carrying lever 90 also returns to its normal position under theinflnence of the contractile spring 104, and in such movement of return first the loose dog 95 moves up into the pitch of the rack. Then by a continuation of the same movement of the dogcarrying lever the fast dog 92 moves down out of the rack,whereupon' the rack and carriage move in the direction of the arrow under the influence of the carriage motor spring (not shown) a tooth space, when their further motion is arrested by the lever 97 (to which the loose dog 95 is connected) coming in contact with the adjustable "stop but if either of the space-keys 43 43 be depressed simultaneously with the key which prints the last letter of a word such key acti ng through its push-piece 62 upon the frame 110 (which is centered upon the rod 63) rocks said frame in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1, and thus through the. push-rod 111 moves the stop 112 up out of the way of the lever 97, that carries the loose dog 95, so that said loose dog when moved down out of the rack by the action of the motor-magnet 50 now moves under the influence of its contractile spring 103 two tooth-spaces to the left, as viewed from the rear in Fig. 6, so that when the dogs return to their normal positions on the breaking of the circuit of the magnet 50 the carriage now moves two spaces in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 6, until its motion is arrested by the lever 97 coming in contact with the stop 100.

Each of the type-bars, as before said, carries three types, and the platen is positioned or shifted to enable the different types to print each as. required. The three types carried by a type-bar consist of a lower-case letter in the center, an upper-case letter on one side, and a figure or mark onthe other side. The platen lies normally in a central position; so that the lower-case letters print,

but can be shifted forward or backward to enable the other letters to print. The mechanism for this purpose is as follows:

The frame 21 of the carriagehas at the back the bracerod 120, to which ishinged a yokepiece 122, which is also hinged to the hinge and guide rod 22 and which has wheels 123 to run thereon, after the fashion fully illustrated in my pending application, Serial No. 673,086, filed March 8, 1898, of which application the application filed October 26, 1899, Serial No. 734,864, is a continuation.

Instead of using the shifting mechanism illustrated in the accom panying drawi ngsand.

hereinbefore described and to which no special iniportanceis attached any other shifting mechanism whatever that is suitable for the purpose may be used.

Instead of using three types on a bar ob viously, so far as the otherfeatures of my invention are concerned, two types only might,

be used on each bar or even asingle type only on each bar, the number of characters being decreased or the number of keys increased,

or both.

, At the back of the machine is a rock-shaft 1245, supported by lugs extending downward:

from the top plate of the machine. Said rockshaft is furnished with arms 125 125, to which the shift-keys 126 126 (centered at '127) are connected by push rods 128." Said rock-shaft is-also fu rnished with a vertical arm 129, which is connected by a link 130 with the brace-rod- 120. Said link straddles said brace-rod, and the brace-rod slides through said link as the carriage moves. A casting 131, screwed to the top platewof the machine, carries'two parallel levers 132 132 (centered at 133) and connected-together'by'a contractile spring 134, which holds both of said levers normally in engagement'with opposite sides of the stop 135, attached to the casting 131. These le-' vers serve to hold the carriage normally in its central position(in which the lower-case letters print) and to' return it theretowhen the shift-keys are released. To this end the link 130-has attached to it or formed upon it a boss or projection 136, lying between the two a spring-levers'132 132 and which is'held by I from its normal position until the movement is arrested by one of the spring-pressedrlevers 132 (upon which the link 130 acts through the part 136) coming against the stop 137, attached to the casting 131. The shift-keys 126 and 126, it willbe observed,-shift the platen in opposite directions fro mthe printing-point.

, The depressingof one of said keys serves" to 'bring'the upper-case type into action, while, thedepressing of the other ofsaid keys serves a .to bringthe figures and marks intoaction. Upon-the release'ot' the shift-keys the spring v isattached by screws 139 to the lugs 140 140.

134vretur'ns the parts to their normal p'osi tions,in which they arearrested by the spring-v pressed levers 132 132 in such'positionsthat the projection 136, formed upon or attached tothe link 130, registers with the stop 135, at-: tached to the casting131. To prevent lateral displacement of the link 130, a guide-bar 138 My improved action may be applied 'to otherkeyboard printing instrumentalities the keys of whichcorrespond to letters or other characters, as well as to a type-writing ma-. chine. It may be applied,'for example, to

V linotypes and other type-setting machines, f In applying it. to such machines it is only n'ec essary to connect. the levers 56 56 (which'in the. accompanying drawings, are illustrated as. connected tooperate the type-barsjofa type-writer) with the type-releasing devices or other parts of-the linotype or type-setting machine,-w-hich,serve tomake the characters and which the keys of such machine severally operate. Fig. 12 shows my inventioniapplied to operate the escapements or type-releasing ass-a devices of a Mergenthaler linotype-machine; The lever 56 is connected, it will be observed, @through the link It with the lever R, which operates the latches or escapements 0" 7*, that serve to free the matrices y y, each as de-' isired, or myimproved action may be applied to a type-writing machine (whether of the type-bar or the key-wheel variety) or to a :linotype-machine, monotype machine, type; zsettingmachine', or other keyboard printing 3 in'strumentality having keys controlling char acters by connecting the levers 56 56 (by the =rods 5 7 57 or in any other suitable manner) eto actuate the keys of the instrument to which my improved action may be thus applied.

:All this is obvious, so thatI need not go into the matter further.

Thewidth of the keyboard, as'illnstrated in the drawings, is somewhat greater, it will be, observed, thanthat of the series of typebar corresponding levers 56 56.

in Figs. 2 and 3 the links 59, thatconnect.

Tomeet this,

the key-operated bell-cranks 61 61 with the pendants or movement-receiving arms59 59,

{are offset, while in Figs.,2 and 3 the same re sult is obtained in perhapsa more satisfactory manner by converging the keystoward :the back of the machine, so as to bring the 1 series of bell-cranks 61 61 into aboutthe same ispaceas the width of the keyboard at the back, thus leaving the links 59 59 to be sub- [stantially parallel one with another. of course are matters of detail which may be varied to almost any extent.

These Instead of usinganv electromagnet as a motor device to operate the pendants 59 and levers 56 and type-bars or other parts connected therewith any other suitable form of motor device mightbe used s'uch, for example, as

the pneumatic devicescommonly used inlarge organs to operate the valves thereof; but the .fact that pneumatics might be substituted for electromagnetsin a motoivaction'fora type-writing machine has been before-pointed out by'me in the specificationsof myprevious Letters Patent, No. 600,120,dated March 1,

'1898,- a'nd No. 604,001, dated May v14 1898,

and of my pending application, Serial'No.

522,435, filed September 8, 1894:, to all of which vreference is hereby had and made, so that it will be unnecessary to say more on the subjecthere; but it'will be understood that whenever in any paragraph of claim at the end hereof a motor or motor device or motor mechanismis mentioned as an element of a combination'I use such term motor or mo-- tor device ,or motor mechanism broadly to include any suitable motor, motordevice, or motor mechanism, and I'do not restrict 'myself to electricmotor mechanism or to an ie'lec'tromagnet as a motorv except in those 1 claimsin which an electromagnet or electric :motor mechanism is expressly and clearly l mentioned 'as'an' element of thecombination, :and in so far ascertain features of invention residingin my keyboard are concerned such f keyboard 1 might be used without any motor mechanism. Thus, for example, instead of connecting the keys of the keyboard illustrated in the accompanying drawings withthe corresponding type-bars by means of power mechanism said keys might be connected each by a pull-down wire or other usual mechanical connection with the corresponding type-bars, so that the movement communicated by the operator to the key-lever would be employed to actuate the type-bar.

The form of paper-feeding mechanism which I prefer to use, but to which I do not limit myself, consists of (a) means of urging the carriage to the left and (b) spacing mechanism for controlling the movement ofthe carriage space by space as the printing progresses. In the drawings the usual motor spring or weight for drawing the carriage to the left in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 6, is omitted, being old and Well known in the art, and the letterspacing mechanism illustrated (see particularly Fig. 6) may be modified within wide limits and equivalents substituted for the parts shown without departing from the principles of my invention.

The term keyboard printing instrumentality is sometimes used in this specification, particularly in the statement of claim at the end hereof. By the words keyboard printing instrumentality I refer to and include not only type-writing machines, but type-setting machines, linotype-machines, and other instrumentalities used in producing type or printing, and in which thesuccessive characters of a line are controlled or selected by putting down the keys of a keyboard.

The term letter-controlling elements is sometimes used in this specification, particularly in the statement of claim at the end hereof. By this term letter-controlling element 1' refer to an element which serves by its movement to control the making of a letter.

In some of the paragraphs of claim at the end hereof I speak of an alphabet of typebars. Byan alphabet of type-bars I mean type-bars equal in number to the letters of the alphabet, each carrying a different letter; but by the term i alphabet of type-bars I do not mean to imply that the complete set of type-bars shall not or may not include other type-bars in addition to the type-bars answering to the letters of the alphabet. In fact, a set of type-bars usually includes, as is well known in the art, type-bars corresponding to the marks and figures aswell as type-bars corresponding to the letters, and a single machine may include more than one alpha-.

In some other paragraphs 4 her.

ter-controlling elements equal in number to theletters of the alphabet and each corresponding to and serving to control a different letter of the alphabet.

In several of the paragraphs of claim at the end hereof I speak of a key-impelled mem- I mean a member impelled by (that is, receiving motion from) a key.

I do not claim herein anything that is claimed in any of my other pending applications, Serial No. 522.435. filed September 8, 1894, Serial No. 601,520, filed August 3, 1896, Serial No. 684,880, filed June 30, 1898, Serial No. 734,864, filed October 26, 1899, and Serial No. 735,813,,filed November 4, 1899. If any one wishes to use any other form of motor mechanism than that shown in the accompanying drawings as a substitute for the mechanism shown,theapplication above mentioned, Serial No. 522,435, filed September 8, 1894, may be consulted, which shows several radically-different forms of motor mechanism controlled by the keys of a piano to actuate the hammers. From the structure illustrated in the application aforesaid, Serial No. 684,880, filed June 30, 1898, the structure illustrated in the accompanying drawings differs in various particulars, but especially in that the mechanism illustrated in the drawings of the specification filed June 30, 1898,wasin vented, designed, and constructed with a view to reducing the number of keys, so as to printall the letters of the alphabet by manipulating a few keys readily controlled by one hand, while the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings has been invented, designed, and constructed with a view to employing keys equal in number to the typebars, so as to make a machine as simple as possible and which maybe used by those operators who are wedded to the present mode of striking a dilferent key for each difierent letter of the alphabet. The application aforesaid, Serial No. 735,813, filed November4, 1899, to which reference is herebyhad and made, resembles in its structure the structure illustrated in the accompanying drawings in many particulars, but differs in others, as will be readily seen upon a comparison of the two. The three applications, (a) Serial No. 522,435, filed September 8, 1894, (b) Serial No. 684,880, filed June 30, 1898, and (c) the present application, cover distinct but related subject-matter. A dilferent machine is illustrated in the drawings of each of said applications, and the claims of each application are distinct from the claims of the other applications; but there are certain combinations or subcombinations that are common to the three structures illustrated, respectively, in the three applications aforesaid. The application filed September 8, 1894, aforesaid, it will be observed, has not only a nu mber of claims which could only be inserted in that application by reason of the fact that the structural features which they set out as By this term key-impelled memberi ICC) ' them are found) only in that application; but

valso said application of September 8, 1894,

contains those broad claims which may properly'beinser'ted in some one, and in some one only,of the three applications aforesaid. The claims of the application filed J une, 30, 1898,

" Serial No, 684,880, and of this application are narrower than the claims of the application of September 8, 1894, aforesaid, in that'many ofthe claims of said application of September 8,1894, are broad enough to cover the combinations which said claims set forth,wh'ether such combinations be used in onekind of keyboard instrument or' another, (whether they be used, for instance, in a pianoforte or other keyboard musical instrument or in a type writing machine or other keyboard printing instrumentality,) while each and every of the claims of the application of June 30, 1898, aforesaid, and of this application are limited by someapt form'of words to some combination having or including as an essenti'al and indispensable element some partas,

for example, type-bars or letter-controlling mechanism which*is characteristic of and peculiar to a type-writing machine or other keyboard printing instrumentality.

It will be obvious that many modifications may be made in mechanical details without varying from the essential principles of my invention and Without material change in result. I do not therefore limit myself to the details hereinbefore shown and described; but

What I do claim in this application as of my own invention, and desire to secure by Let iers Patent hereunder, is-

' 1. Inatype-writing machine or other similar instrument, and in combination, (A) a multiplicity of type-bars arranged to strike to a common printing-point; (B) keys, equal in number to the type-bars before mentioned,

'- and each connected to control the corresponding type-bar; the keys of the machine being ,arranged intwo banks and shaped piano;

fashion, and consisting of two groups, one for the right hand and the other for the left hand, arranged in juxtaposition, each group including (a) four keys in each .of the two banks aforesaid, normally disposed to be' conveniently operated each by the appropriate one of the fourfingers,with the hand in its no e mal position; (b) a plurality of keys arrange tion as to be conveniently to be operated by the thumb, and (c) a plurality of keys in a bank back of the thumb keys'aforesaid and disposed in such a posioperated by th thumb or forefinger. r h

2.11m atype-writing .machineorother similar instrument, andin combination, (A) a multiplicity oftype-bars arranged to strike- "toa common printing-point; (B) keys, equal in number to the type-bars before men tioned, and each connected to con trol the corresponding type-bar; the keys of the machine being arranged -in" twobanksand shaped piano fashion, and consisting of two groups one for the right hand and the otherfor the left hand, arranged in juxtaposition, each group include ing(a) four keys in each ofthe two banks depressed simultaneouslywit-h the type-ban fcontrolling keys; and (F) means controlled 7 saidlspace-key and acting to make theinterverbal space, I

I 3. In atype-writing'machine or other simie lar instrument, and in combination, (A) a multiplicity of type-bars arranged tostrike to-a common printing-point; (B) keys, equal in number to the'type-bars before mentioned,

and each connectedto control the correspond ingtype-bar; 'the keys of the machine being farrangedlin two banks and shaped piano fashion, and consisting of two groups one for the right hand and the other forthe left hand, arranged in j uxtaposition," each group including (a) a plurality of keys in each of the twobanks aforesaid, normally disposed to be convenientlyoperated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand-in its normal position; (b) a plurality ,of keys arranged to be operated by the thumb,

and '(c) aplu'rality of keysin abank back of the; thumb-keys aforesaid and disposed in -such-a position as to be conveniently operated by the thumb or forefinger; (0) means whereby the paper is advancedas the'letters are printed; (D) ajspace-key in each of the two groups of keys aforesaid, constructed to be depressed simultaneously with the type- IIO bar-controlling keys; and-(E) means controlled by said space-keys and acting to cause the production of the interverbal spaces, whereby theinterverba-l space is made on the part'of the operator simultaneously with the 5 last letterof a word, by depressing one of the space-keys aforesaid simultaneously with the type-bar-controlling key corresponding to the final letter of the word. 1

4. In a type-writing machine or other similar instrument, and incombination, (A) a .multiplicity'of type-bars arranged to strike to a common printing-point; (B) keys, equal innumber to the type-bars-before' mentioned,

and each connected to control the correspondving type-bar; the'keys of the machine being arranged in two banks and shaped piano fashion; and consisting of two groups one for the .-right hand and the other for the lefthand,

' arranged in j ux'taposition, each group including (a) a plurality of keys-in each of the two ;ba-nks=aforesaid, normally disposed to be coni veniently operated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of keys arranged to be operated by the thumb, and (c) a plurality of keys in a bank back of the thumb-keys aforesaid and disposed in such a position as to be conveniently operated by the thumb or forefinger; (0) means whereby the paper is advanced as the letters are printed; (D) a space-key in one at least of the sets of keys aforesaid, disposed in a position to be operated by the ring-finger when the hand is in its normal position in relation to the keys, and constructed to be operated simultaneously with the type-bar-controlling keys; and (E) means controlled by said space-key and acting to cause the production of the interverbal space, wherebythe interverbal space is made on the part of the operator simultaneously with the last letter of a word by de- 4 ing type-bar; the keys of the machine being arranged in two banks and shaped piano fashion, and consisting of two groups, one for the right hand and the other for the left hand, arranged in juxtaposition, each group including (a) four keys in each of the two banks aforesaid, normally disposed to be conveniently operated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of keys arranged to be operated by the thumb; and (c) a plurality of keys in a bank back of the thumbkeys aforesaid and disposed in such a position as'to be conveniently operated by the thumb or forefinger; and (0) suitable motor mechanism controlled by the keys aforesaid for impelling the type-bars aforesaid.

6. In a type-writing machine or other similar instrument, and in combination, (A) a m ultiplicity of type-bars arranged to strike to a common printing-point; (B) keys, equal in number to the type-bars before mentioned, and each connected to control the corresponding type-bar; the keys of the machine being arranged in two banks and shaped piano fashion, and consisting of two groups one for the right hand and the other for the left hand, arranged in juxtaposition, each group including (a) four keys in each of the two banks aforesaid, normally disposed to be conveniently operated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of keys arranged to be operated by the thumb; and (c) a plurality of keys in abank back of the thumbkeys aforesaid and disposed in such a position as to be convenientlyoperated by the thumb or forefinger; (0) suitable motor mechanism controlled by the keys aforesaid for impelling the type-bars aforesaid; (D) a paper-carrier; (E) means whereby the same is advanced a step for each letter printed; (F) a space-key in one of the groups aforesaid constructed to be depressed simultaneously with the typebar-controlling keys; and (G) means controlled by said space-key and acting to make the inter-verbal space.

7. In a type-writing machine or other similar instrument, and in combination, (A) a multiplicity of type bars arranged to strike to a common printing-point; (B) keys, equal in number to the type-bars before mentioned, and each connected to control the corresponding type-bar; the keys of the machine being arranged in two banks and shaped piano fashion, and consisting of two groups one for the right hand and the other for the left hand, arranged in juxtaposition, each group including (a) a plurality of keys in each of the two banks aforesaid, normally disposed to be conveniently operated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of keys arranged to be operated by the thumb, and (c) a plurality of keys in a bank back of the thumb-keys aforesaid and disposed in such a position as to be conveniently operated by the thumb or forefinger; (C)suitable motor mechanism controlled by the keys aforesaid for impelling the type-bars aforesaid; (D) means whereby the paper is advanced as the letters are printed; (E) a'space-key in each of the two groups of keys aforesaid, constructed to be depressed simultaneously with the typebarcontrolling keys; and (F) means controlled by said spacekeys and acting to cause the production of the inter-verbal spaces, whereby the interverbal space is made on the part of the operator simultaneously with the last letter of a word by depressing one of the space-keys aforesaid simultaneously with the type-bar-controlling key corresponding to the final letter of the word.

8. In a type-writing machine or othersimilar instrument, and in combination, (A) a multiplicity of type-bars arranged to strike to a common printing-point; (B) keys, equal in number to the typebars before mentioned, and each connected to control the corresponding type-bar; the keys of the machine being arranged in two banks and shaped piano fashion, and consisting of two groups one for the right hand and the other for the left hand, arranged in juxtaposition, each group including (a) a plurality of keys in each of the two banks aforesaid, normally disposed to be conveniently operated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of keys arranged to be operated by the thumb, and (c) a plurality of keys in a bank'back of the thumb-keys aforesaid and disposed in such a position as to be conveniently operated by the thumb or forefinger; (0) suitable motor mechanism controlled by the keys aforesaid for impelling the type-bars aforesaid; (D) means whereby the paper is advanced as the letters are printed; (E) a space-key in one at least of the sets of keys aforesaid, disposed in a position to. be operated by the ring-finger when the hand is in its normal position in relation to the keys, and constructed to be operated simultaneously with the type-barletter of a word by depressing the space-key simultaneously with the type-bar-oontrollin g key corresponding to the final letter of the word.

- 9. In a type-Writing machine or other similar instrument, and in combination, (A) a multiplicity of type-bars arranged to strike to a common printing-point, and carrying each'three types; (B) shifting mechanism, whereby the different types carried by a bar are caused to print, each as desired; (0) keys, equal in number to the type-bars before mentioned, and each connected to control the corresponding type-bar; said keys being arranged in two banks and shaped piano fashion, and consisting of two groups, one for the right hand and the other for the left hand, arranged in juX aposition, each group including (a) a plurality of keys in each of the two banks aforesaid, normally disposed to be conveniently operated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of,

keys arranged to be operated by the thumb;

and (c) a plurality of keys in a bank backofthe thumb-keys aforesaid and disposed in such aposition as to be conveniently operated by the thumb or forefinger.

10. In atype-Writing machine or other similar instrument, and in combination, (A)va multiplicity of type-bars arranged to strike to-a common printingpoint, and carrying each three types; (B) shifting mechanism whereby the different types carried byabarare caused to print, each as required; (0) keys, equal in number to the type-bars before mentioned,

and'each connected to control the corresponding type-bar; said keys being arranged in two banks and shaped piano 'fashion, and

consisting of two groups, one for the right hand and the other for the left hand,'ar-

ranged in juxtaposition, each group including (a) a plurality of keys in each of the two banks aforesaid normally disposed to be conveniently operated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of keys arranged to be operated by the thumb; (c) a plurality of keys in abank back of the thumbkeys aforesaid and disposed in such a position as to be convenientlyoperated bythe thumb or forefinger; (D) a paper-carrier; (E) means whereby the same is advanced as the 7 letters are printed (F) a spaoe=key in one of. the groups aforesaid, constructed to be depressedsimultaneously with the type-barcontrolling keys; and (G) means controlled by said space-key and acting to make the interverbal space.

1 1. In a type-writing machine or other similar'instrument and in combination, (A) a multiplicity of type-bars arranged to strike to a common printing-point,and carrying each three types; (B) shifting mechanism,whereby the difierent types carried by a bar are caused to print,each as required; (0) keys,'equalin number to the type-bars before mentioned, and each connected-to control the corresponding type-bar; said keys being arranged in two banks and shaped piano fashion, and

consisting of two groups, one 'for the right hand and the other for the left hand, arranged in juxtaposition, each group including (a) a plurality of keys in each of the two banks aforesaid, normallydisposed to be conveniently operated each by the, appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of keys arranged to be operated by the thumb; (o) a plurality of keys in a bank back of the thumb- ;keys aforesaid and disposed in such a position as to be conveniently operated by the thumb or forefinger; (D) means whereby the paper isadvanced asfthe letters are printed;

(E) a space-key in each of ,the two groups of keys aforesaid, constructed to be depressed simultaneously With'the type-bar-controlling keys; and (F) means controlled by said spacekeys and acting to cause the production of the interverbal spaces, whereby they interverbal space is made on the part of the operator simultaneously with the lastletter of a word, by depressing one of the space k eys aforesaid simultaneously with thetype-bar-controlling .key corresponding to the finaljletter of the word;

12. In a type-writing machine or other simi- 113,1 instrument, and in combination, (A) a multiplicity of type-bars arranged to strike to a common printing-point, and carrying each three types; (B) shifting mechanism wherebythe different types carried by a bar are caused to print, each as desired; (0) keys, equal in number to the type-bars before mentioned, a nd reach connected to control the corresponding type-bar; said keys being arranged in two banks and shaped piano fashion, and consisting of two groups, one for the right hand and the other for the left hand, arranged in juxtaposition, each group including (a) a plurality of keys in each of the two 7 banks aforesaid'normally disposed to be conveniently operated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of keys arranged to be operated by the thumb; (c) .a V

plurality of keysinabank back of the thumbkeys aforesaid and disposed in such a position asto be conveniently operated by the thumb or forefinger; (D) aspace-keyin one at least of the groups of keys aforesaid disposed in a position to be operated by the ring-finger when the hand isrin its normal position in relation to the keys, andconstructed to be operated simultaneously with the type-barcontrolling keys; and (E) means controlled by said space-key and acting to cause the production of the interverbal spaces, whereby the interverbal space is made on the part of the operator simultaneously with the last letter of a word by depressing the space-key simultaneously with the type-bar-controlling key corresponding to the final letter of the word.

13. In combination in a type-Writing mak chine, (a) a plurality of type-bars arrangedso that they strike to a common printingcenter; (b) a motor device, acting to impel said type-bars, each as required; (0) keys, equal in number to the type-bars impelled by the motor device aforesaid,a key for each typebar, said keys each acting, when depressed,

to connect the corresponding type-bar with,

the motor device aforesaid to receive movement therefrom; (d) a motor-controlling de-, vice operated by one on more of the keys, aforesaid, and acting when a key is depressed to bring the motor aforesaid into operation for the impelling of the type-bar connected with it; and (6) means acting to release said motor-controlling device in advance of the. release of the key depressed, all the parts be-; ing constructed, arranged and operating in; such a manner that a succeeding key may be depressed to print while the key first depressed is still held down.

14. In combination in a type-writing ma? chine, (a) a plurality of type-bars arranged so that they strike to a common printing; center; (1)) a motor device,acting to impel' the motor device aforesaid, a key for each type-bar, said keys each acting, when desaid type-bars, each as required; (0) keys,, equal in number to the type-bars impelled by pressed, to connect the corresponding type- I bar with the motor device aforesaid toreceiv-e f movement therefrom (d) a motor-controlling device operated by one or more of the keysaforesaid, and acting when a key is depressed to bring the motor aforesaid into operation for the impelling of the type-bar connected I with it; and (6) means actuated by the motor device aforesaid, serving when a key is depressed to release the motor-controlling device aforesaid in advance of the release off the key depressed controlling it, all the parts beingconstructed, arranged and operating in such a manner that a succeeding key may be depressed to print while the key first de-i 1 to be operated by the thumb; (c) a plurality pressed is still held down.

15. In combination in a type writing ma-: chine or other similar instrument, (a) a plu-' rality of type-bars arranged so that they strike to a commonprinting-center; (b) an electro-- type-bars impelled by the electromagnet net aforesaid into action to impel the typebar corresponding to the key depressed; and (e) means acting to permit said circuit-controlling device to return toward its normal position in advance of the releaseof the key depressed; all the parts being constructed,

'arranged and operating in such a manner that a succeeding key may be depressed to print While the key first depressed is still held down.

16. In combination in a type-writing ma chine or other similar instrument, (a) a plurality of type bars arranged so that they strike to a common printing-center; (b) an electromagnet acting to impel said type-bars, each as required; (0) keys, equal in number to the type bars impelled by the electromagnet aforesaid, a key for each type-bar; said keys each acting when depressed to connect the corresponding type-bar with the electromagnet aforesaid, to receive movement therefrom; (d) acircuit-controlling device operated by one or more of the keys aforesaid and serving when such key is depressed to bring the magnet aforesaid into action to impel the type-bar corresponding to the keydepressed i and (6) means operated by the electromagnet aforesaid, acting when a key is depressed to permit the circuit-controlling device aforesaid to return toward its normal position in advance of the release of saidkey, all the parts being constructed, arranged and operatingin such a manner that a succeeding key may be depressed to print while the key first depressed is still held down.

17. Inatype-writing machine or othersimilar instrument, and in combination, (A) a multiplicity of type-bars arranged to strike to a common printing-point; (B) keys, equal in number to the type-bars before mentioned, and eachconnectedito control the corresponding type-bar; the keys of the machine being arranged in two banks and shaped piano fashion, and'consisting of two groups one for the right hand and the other for the left hand, arranged in juxtaposition, each group including (a) four keys in each of the two banks aforesaid, normally disposed to be conven ientl y operated each by the appropriate one of the four fingers, with the hand in its normal position; (b) a plurality of keys arranged of keys in a bank back of the thumb-keys aforesaid and disposed in such a position as to be conveniently operated by the thumb or forefinger; (C) a type-bar-impelling motor, the type-bar aforesaid being normally disconnected from said motor; (D) means controlled by the keys aforesaid, acting to connect the 

